In international contexts, what roles do WIPO and the Berne Convention play?

• A. Berne drafts contracts for licensing; WIPO enforces royalties across borders.
• B. Berne sets minimum protection standards; WIPO administers treaties and assists in coordination of global copyright systems.
• C. Berne handles trademarks; WIPO handles patents.
• D. Berne and WIPO regulate national tax rates on royalties.

Answer: (B)

The key idea is how international protection is set up and coordinated. The Berne Convention is a treaty that establishes minimum protections for authors’ works across member countries, such as guaranteeing national treatment and a baseline duration of protection. It does not involve drafting licensing contracts or enforcing cross-border royalties. World Intellectual Property Organization is the global body that administers IP treaties and helps synchronize and support how countries implement and update copyright systems, providing a framework and coordination rather’t to keep different national laws in harmony. So, Berne provides the floor of protection, while WIPO manages the treaty machinery and international coordination to make those protections workable worldwide. The other options mix up roles—licensing contracts and cross-border royalty enforcement aren’t Berne’s function, and Berne doesn’t handle trademarks or patents, which are addressed through other IP frameworks often overseen by WIPO.